Tips for Clean Coding

Last updated on December 13, 2015

When you start on a big coding project, it is important to remember what good code looks like. Basically, your code should be easily maintainable, testable, and reusable.

If you want others who follow in your footsteps to be able to use and build upon the code you write, then follow these tips for writing clean code.

Organization is key

Before you embark on a project, big or small, do not skip the crucial first step—organization. Come up with your game plan, and organize everything from the get go. The project will be much more manageable as you proceed, and you’ll save yourself a headache later.

Do not forget to write helpful comments

It is not uncommon to take a break from coding for a few days, only to return and have no idea what you were even trying to accomplish.

Save yourself (and those who will be charged with maintaining your code) the hassle of deciphering your intentions. Write helpful in line comments along every step of the way, explaining vague lines, describing various functions, and documenting your logic. It is also important to keep your comments updated.

Use standardized code

A coding standard provides you with the conventions and formatting necessary to write maintainable and reusable code. It is wise to use a standard that is widely used, and stick with it.

Refactor

Refactoring is one of the keys to writing effective code. Basically, you need to be going over your code multiple times throughout the entire process, and rooting out little problems. Here are a few general guidelines:

Shortening functions and methods to under 25 lines.
Shortening the method or function name to less than 20 characters.
Never use more than 2 nested loops.
Use design patterns sparingly.

Make your code meaningful

Always create and use meaningful code and meaningful structures. All your variable names, function names, and class names should have identifiable and unique names that give your code meaning.

On the structure end of things, simplify as much as possible. This has to do with the way you arrange and name directories and files, making it easier to navigate and find what you’re looking for. Simple is always better, and it leads back to the 3 basic attributes of good code: maintainability, testability, and reusability.

Take advantage of version control software

There has recently been an advent of highly effective, free version control software that has made the lives of coders worldwide much easier. Two examples of some powerful (and best of all, free) open source control tools are Git and Mercurial.

Utilize testing tools

One of the most tedious aspects of coding is testing, but fortunately there are tools that make it easier on you. Testing is a vital step to the coding process, and you’ll be thankful for the testing frameworks that automate the process.